Use the below information to write a 6-page research paper on the Western Immigrants and its effects on Manifest Destiny. This will be added to 4 other research papers to create a 25-page research paper on Manifest Destiny.

THIS RESEARCH PAPER IS ONLY REGARDING OTHER EFFECTS ON MANIFEST DESTINY.

Other Relation to Westward Expansion:

• Oregon Trail
  • Oregon Treaty (see primary source #6)
  • Oregon Trail (see secondary source #10)
• Gold Rush
  • Discovery of gold in California increased the rush for westward expansion (see primary source #1, #2)
  • Travel to California and need for Industrialization and Rail systems

Thesis:

While the idea of an American Manifest Destiny took the better part of a century to come to fruition and maturity, it is so pivotally rooted on the Industrial Revolution, Transcontinental Railroad, and immigrants that without any of these it would never have been realized.

Introduction:

While the idea of an American Manifest Destiny took the better part of a century to come to fruition and maturity, it is so pivotally rooted on the Industrial Revolution, Transcontinental Railroad, and immigrants that without any of these it would never have been realized. The popular editor and columnist John Louis O’Sullivan says, “… in a spirit of hostile interference against us, for the avowed object of thwarting our policy and hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”(7) And thus, the term “Manifest Destiny” was coined as the motivator of wars, dreams and the God given right of freedom.

The American Industrial Revolution was gateway to Manifest Destiny. With the introduction of the industrial mill in the 1790’s, modeled after the British design (Secondary #5), increased the speed in which cotton thread could be spun into yarn. This same model and process began to revolutionize other industries and a mass increase of productivity was born. The American Industrial Revolution also brought forward wage labor, the coined term “market revolution” and an improved transportation system for raw materials.

Although the locomotive was an invention of earlier years, Manifest Destiny and the American Industrial Revolution urged the rush for the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad (primary #3). The Transcontinental Railroad is arguably the greatest accomplishment of America in the 19^th century. Prior to the Transcontinental Railroad, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific were two rail lines that joined in Utah, on May 10, 1869 creating the first rail line to connect citizens and goods from San Francisco, California all the way to Omaha, Nebraska.

As the Euro-Settlers pushed west in expansion, they were quick to realize that they were not alone. During the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, the California Gold Rush and the Mexican-American war came an influx of Mexican and Chinese immigrants (secondary source #8). Although these immigrants had gained entrance to America like the Euro-Settlers, they were treated with harsh discrimination. Although Mexican Americans were given opportunity to American citizens after the Mexican-American War, they were still treated as second-class, discriminated citizens.

“The Oregon Treaty was one of the first successes of Manifest Destiny.” (secondary #9) In 1846, the Oregon Treaty was signed and proved that Manifest Destiny was real and proved that the west was worth fighting for. Prior to the Oregon Treaty, the Oregon Trail, a 2,200-mile-long route stretching from Missouri to Oregon, led settlers seeking land and freedom to the wide-open, unsettled, West; The picture of Manifest Destiny.

Two years after the Oregon Treaty was signed, gold was discovered while James Marshall was constructing a sawmill in California (secondary #11). As the rumors of the deadly Oregon Trail spread east, so did the rumors of gold in California. Although it would be another 20 years before the railroad would be complete, Clippers were commissioned to take those seeking the “American Dream” from the east and into San Francisco.

Bibiliography

Primary:

• Danver, Steven L. “VOLUME 1: MANIFEST DESTINY: The Discovery of Gold in California.” Defining Documents: Manifest Destiny & the New Nation (1803-1859), August 2013, 210–18. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=127122394&site=eds-live&scope=site.
• “Volume 1: Manifest Destiny: Supplemental Historical Documents: Present at the Beginning of the Gold Rush.” 2013. Defining Documents: Manifest Destiny & the New Nation (1803-1859), August, 219–22. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=127122395&site=eds-live&scope=site.
• “Pacific Railway Act.” 2017. Pacific Railroad Act of 1862, August, 1. http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ulh&AN=21212851&site=eds-live&scope=site.
• Digital Public Library of America. “Building the First Transcontinental Railroad.” Ida B. Wells and Anti-Lynching Activism | DPLA. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://dp.la/exhibitions/transcontinental-railroad/history.
• “Credit-ticket System.” Immigration to the United States. Accessed May 26, 2019. http://www.immigrationtounitedstates.org/450-credit-ticket-system.html.
• U.S. Government, “Oregon Treaty,” HST 325 – U.S. Foreign Relations to 1914 (MSU), accessed May 26, 2019, http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/usforeignrelations/items/show/42.
• John O’Sullivan, “Annexation,” The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, Volume 17 (New York: 1845), 5-6, 9-10.

Secondary:

• Schakenbach Regele, Lindsay. 2018. “Industrial Manifest Destiny: American Firearms Manufacturing and Antebellum Expansion.” Business History Review 92 (1): 57–83. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1723079&site=eds-live&scope=site.
• Miller, Richard Ulric. 1974. “American Railroad Unions and the National Railways of Mexico: An Exercise in Nineteenth-Century Proletarian Manifest Destiny.” Labor History 15 (2): 239. doi:10.1080/00236567408584293.
• Hart, John M. 2002. Empire and Revolution : The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=90489&site=eds-live&scope=site.
• Gordon H. Chang. “”China and the Pursuit of America’s Destiny: Nineteenth-Century Imagining and Why Immigration Restriction Took So Long”.” Journal of Asian American Studies 15, no. 2 (2012): 145-169. https://muse.jhu.edu/.
• “Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution.” Ushistory.org. Accessed May 26, 2019. http://www.ushistory.org/us/22a.asp.
• “Chinese Immigration and the Transcontinental Railroad.” Immigration Direct. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.uscitizenship.info/Chinese-immigration-and-the-Transcontinental-railroad/.
• The American Industrial Revolution. [Electronic Resource (Video)]. 2001. New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2012], c2001. http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04477a&AN=snhu.b1147925&site=eds-live&scope=site.
• “Chinese Immigrants and Mexican Americans in the Age of Westward Expansion.” Khan Academy. Accessed May 26, 2019. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/the-gilded-age/american-west/a/apush-chinese-immigrants-and-mexican-americans-westward-expansion.
• “Oregon Treaty 1846.” Omeka RSS. Accessed May 26, 2019. http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/usforeignrelations/exhibits/show/manifest-destiny/oregon-treaty-1846.
• “Oregon Trail.” HistoryNet. Accessed May 26, 2019. https://www.historynet.com/oregon-trail.
• “California Gold Rush.” Omeka RSS. Accessed May 26, 2019. http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/usforeignrelations/exhibits/show/manifest-destiny/california-gold-rush.